The United States
In the superconducting materials, carbon nanotubes, major breakthroughs were made in areas such as graphene.
Superconducting material field disciplines: at the Massachusetts institute of technology, scientists have found all of the superconducting material superconductivity and film thickness, critical temperature and the resistance is proportional to the film. The discovery is expected to lead to design better, superconducting wires used in quantum computation and low energy consumption computing devices.
: carbon nanotubes research at the university of Wisconsin researchers have developed a new type of high performance carbon nanotube transistors, its switch speed is 1000 times faster than normal silicon transistors, 100 times faster than the fastest carbon nanotube transistors, and the performance is much better than the thin film transistor used in industry, make the carbon nanotube transistors replaced silicon chips as possible; Scientists at Stanford university using carbon nanotubes to replace silicon as raw material, let the memory and processor USES the modern way of 3 d stacked together, and reduces the data transmission time between the two, thus greatly improve the processing speed of computer chips, use this method to develop a 3 d chip speed is expected to be 1000 times higher than the current chip.
Graphene research: the United States, China, Japanese scientists have discovered a new structure of carbon - five graphene, computer simulations show that this kind of semiconductor has high mechanical strength, which can withstand temperatures up to 727 degrees Celsius. Research at the university of California, riverside, team in new ways, and get together with magnetic graphene new electrical performance, can produce a new quantum phenomena; Cornell university physicist will only 10 microns thick graphene cutting, folding, torsion and bending into a variety of shapes, cut out may be the world's smallest machine so far, for nanoscale elastic device research provides a new way of thinking.
Metamaterials research: Harvard University for the first time to design a kind of refractive index is zero, can be integrated on a chip "metamaterials", the speed of light in which can achieve "infinity", to explore zero refractive index of physics and its application in integrated optics opened the door.
Scientists in the United States in the field of new material achievements include:
Italy and the United States scientists created for the first time based on silicon material of the transistor, the vacuum can stable work; At Pennsylvania state university scientists have developed a new type of polymer dielectric, not only can store energy, also can withstand temperatures up to 250 degrees Celsius, the hybrid and pure power vehicle and extensive application prospect in the production of the spacecraft.
Using thermal conductive materials, Stanford university have developed a new nanowires mesh fabric, very light traps more heat than a traditional fabrics, after connecting the power supply can also take the initiative to fever, woven clothes with it, let a person can save about 1000 kilowatt-hours of energy every year, the equivalent of an average American family a month of electricity consumption.
Li Roy rasmussen and the department of energy (PPPL) Princeton plasma physics laboratory scientists developed a new type of synthetic muscles hand in hand, it has a strong ability to resist radiation, and can be attached on the metal, is expected to be used in the manufacture of better prosthetics and more sensitive reaction of the robot, in the field of deep space exploration, especially the Mars exploration has great use.
Virginia commonwealth university research team with iron nanoparticles, with magnetic cobalt and carbon nanoparticles synthesised a magnetic can be comparable to those of traditional system of rare earth permanent magnet materials of new magnetic materials.
The British
Colorful graphene research: rf antenna with graphene ink to print out; Can find a lot of new methods of production of graphene films.
Zheng Huanbin may, researchers at the university of Manchester and graphene producers BGT materials co., LTD., cooperation, rf antenna with compression graphene ink to print out. This kind of flexible antenna, environmental protection, can cheap mass production, can be used in radio frequency identification (rfid) tags and wireless sensors.
In June, more than 650 scientists from nearly 40 countries and industries, in Manchester university attended the "2015" week of graphene, meeting covers the two-dimensional graphene and related materials and heterostructure 15 theme.
November, Glasgow university researchers have found a new way to mass production of graphene films, allegedly can make the base board cost greatly reduced to about 1/100 of the previously used material.
France
Continue in the field of quantum computer and battery application, to carry out the relevant new material research.
Li Hongce October, French and Russian scientists on the 2 d superconducting material found a special kind of perturbation of magnetic field, like tiny stars oscillation, the excited state is produced by the incorporation of superconducting material magnetic atoms, which means "the green - cheese and Pakistan - luxi's" state (YSR) chain is not only the theory, can also be observed in the experiment. This outcome or open up new way for making a quantum computer.
In December, the team developed the new 18650 sodium ion batteries, the use of sodium ion transfer (rather than lithium ions) to store and release electricity, compared with common lithium battery reserves higher, lower cost; The same energy density as lithium ion battery such as lithium iron phosphate.
Germany
Developed a new type of copper nickel titanium memory alloy, find a way to low white light-emitting diodes (leds) and environmental protection.
Gu Gang keele university's researchers have invented a new copper nickel titanium memory alloy, its deformation without fracture ten million times, and ordinary alloy material deformation thousands of times will fracture, is expected to be in microelectronics and optics, sensors, medical devices, and many other fields.
Nuremberg - researchers at the university of erlangen will fluorescent protein besmear is on a rubber material, embedded in light-emitting diodes, invented a kind of simple and cheap production technology, make the production of white leds is both cheap and environmental protection.
The Max Planck institute for solid state physics and Munich university developed a nano structure materials, can be used to make no induction of touch screen, as long as the fingers close to the screen, you can browse pages and knock words, avoid finger touch screen to infect bacteria.
Canada
A new generation of perovskite research breakthroughs in photoelectric materials, research and development of surplus toughening polymer fiber, for the first time to complete the graphene superconductivity experiment.
Wei-dong feng in February, engineers using new technology to grow a large piece of perovskite pure crystal, to develop cheaper and more efficient solar cells and leds to lay the foundation.
In may, the science and technology company Ocumetics developed a high-tech bionic lens. After the users wear, just 10 seconds can let eyesight recover quickly.
In June, Montreal tech researchers get inspiration from the spider silk, developed a by tough fiber woven super toughening polymer fiber. This kind of composite materials in the future can be used to make safer light aircraft engines, also will be in operation equipment, body armor, auto parts and other application fields.
In July, at the university of British Columbia in the team through the graphene doped lithium ion and cooled to 5.9 degrees kelvin, it proves that graphene has infinite possibility of superconductivity, and superconducting graphene make first samples, the latest breakthrough is expected to usher in graphene electronics and a new era of nano quantum devices.
Israel
Invention of self-healing sensor, the use of superconducting materials observation "god particle".
Fungchiman Israel institute of technology (MIT) researchers invented the self-healing sensors, make real sense of electronic for future human skin has paved the way. The key of this technology is a new type of synthetic polymers, it contains high conductivity electrode and gold nanoparticles, when damaged, will expand to fill the gap, to keep current interruption and affect the normal operation of the equipment.
Bar-ilan university scientists announced that for the first time with superconducting materials at a relatively low cost in ordinary laboratory observation to the "god particle".
Russia
Developed a new method for preparation of nano cellulose, the development of architectural and structural material with nanometer modification agent, developed based on graphene and new type of nanometer diamond composite materials.
Scientists at the university of Qi ke wei perm developed a new method for preparation of nano cellulose, would reduce the production cost of nano cellulose by two-thirds. Nanometer fiber has high strength, can be used in the production of the new super paper, machine parts and super flexible screens and bulletproof vest.
Irkutsk state technical university developed the architectural and structural material with nanometer modification agent, can make the metal performance increased by 30%, also can be used in paint production, will make metope strong durability.
Nicholas's institute of inorganic chemistry and biology scientists of the institute of success will be graphene carbon nanotubes and nano diamond powder, obtained has unique properties, under a small current stimulation can light composite material, the structure can be used in the manufacture of new type display, also can be used for medical diagnosis.
Japan
Develop new low cost metal synthesis, synthesis of the world's most powerful molecular magnet.
GeJin Hokkaido university researchers have developed a new method of low cost metal synthesis, synthesis can contain friendly to biological light metal ions (a light metal proportion for 4 to 5) of the porous light metal alloy, paving the way for the development of a new generation of materials.
Group from the researchers developed a never fit for edible biomass resources in the simple method of producing terephthalic acid. Terephthalic acid is PET resin raw materials, mainly for the production of polyester fibers and plastic bottles and PET resin close to our life, such as plastic products.
Kyushu university researchers proved for the first time in the plastic polymer semiconductor molecules lock motor will affect the charge separation, the research to improve the performance of organic thin film solar cell has a positive meaning. The school also successfully designed and synthesized molecules of the world's most powerful magnet, for the development of using magnetic high-performance memory etc. New technology opens the breach.
South Korea
Focus on nanotechnology research, participate in graphene research, made a circle graphene particles.
Xue Yan in January, the south Korean materials scientist by oxidation of graphene into high temperature and solvent, they produced a type of circular graphene particles of similar pompon. This technique for the fabrication of battery and super capacitor electrode material provides a simple, general method, and is likely to increase the storage of energy efficiency of electric equipment and power density.
In February, science and technology institute unveiled using CMOS sensors for medical use with carbon nanotubes. The sensor in the use of 0.35 micron technology manufacturing CMOS wafer configured on carbon nanotube electrodes. The characteristics of the sensors is not use metal electrode wires, advantage is not prevent short circuit processing and surface processing, so the cost is lower.
The west
To strengthen the field of nanotechnology research and development work, in key areas such as health, transportation, safety and communication to promote nanotechnology research and technology transfer.
Guo-qing deng Brazil's national development of science and technology commission announced that set up a special fund, fund nanotechnology research unit purchase or update equipment, develop new products and new processes. , nanotechnology applications and the prospects for the committee said, set up the fund helps to promote the development of nanotechnology in Brazil as well as the popularization and application of nano products.
With nano biological composite material, the researchers developed a new type of electronic equipment, can be diagnosed leukemia as fast as they can measure blood sugar, this new device can detect whether patients with in one hour with the cancer cells, and current diagnostic method for the longest three weeks can have the result.
