Tiangong 1. Remember 2 flight mission of surface acoustic wave devices development team; 2. Xi 'an institute of microelectronics as "heaven ii installed magical" brain "; 3. What are the scientific artifact in tiangong number two?
Tiangong 1. Remember 2 flight mission of surface acoustic wave devices development team;
The original title: flying with me: the ocean to protect you
Tiangong - remember the no. 2 flight mission of surface acoustic wave devices development team
Xinhua Beijing on September 16 (Chen Rui, Chen jia jia, vivi) June just off "7" long march rockets, now, China aerospace science and industry group 2 hospital 23 subordinates Beijing aerospace micro electric technology co., LTD. (hereinafter referred to as "micro electric company") and protect the tiangong number two. They developed surface acoustic wave filter, filter out along the road, the atmosphere, proximity and stray noise signal in space, more complex electromagnetic environment, can realize the automatic censored, only the tiangong and shenzhou spacecraft information can be transmitted to the ground "home". This magic weapon, your fingernail.
Level production ultraclean environment, contains 1 cubic meter of space of not more than 3500 particles larger than 0.5 microns in diameter, after in addition to the dust, in addition to static electricity, air shower multiprogramming to enter production line, the producers for white white hat white mask tightly wrap, and production of products of the finest line is equivalent to 1/200 of the diameter of a human hair, operation need in 50, 500 to 1500 times at high magnification microscope. The magic sound magic weapon, by a group of people working microscope before hand. Due to the perennial work between micro-nano processing super net, almost isolation with the outside world, even work in the company for a long time the other department colleagues, the content of the work for them also don't know much.
Space power quality national "flying dreams"
Surface acoustic wave device is the core of the rocket subsystem components, main products for the signal processing system, because of the atmosphere, adjacent space and the complex electromagnetic environment in space, stray noise signal is numerous, the main purpose of the surface acoustic wave filter is to filter out noise signals, to ensure that the carrier signal transmission smooth, no distortion.
Consider rocket and space almost harsh extremely cold heat during the operation of overweight and weightlessness extreme environments, such as high reliability, long life, but also the quality target of cannot relax.
Due to the product of form a complete set different film thickness, the ultrathin membrane layer under 100 nm poor adhesion will cause device loss increase, super bad. As the process group leader of the pharaoh to the problems existing in the production of active use your head, take different methods to solve, to overcome the problems of wet weather membrane layer adhesion and through repeated dozens of times test, on the basis of different membrane layer structure optimization of the parameters, to ensure the coating adhesion.
As lithography process return an old for microscopic examination of the lithography chips work, every day under a microscope to the thousands of graphics chips, and every graph line width is micron level, need to put each graphic defects accurately and quickly. This is pneumatic eyesight living consumption, eyes are like the little white rabbit red every day.
Stick on/after XiaoCao is team leader, has in the size of the corn shell will chip assembly of talents, the size of a small grain of rice due to chip, thin and fragile, need to make sure that the chip is not pinched and collapse edge, the micro assembly know-how to hand to his disciples to practice a few years to get started.
Yu master of bonding process and bonding of highly reliable products with unique style, in order to meet the index of device, need to be in bonded area will be less than 0.2 mm 50 microns of the vertical pressure wire bonding, but also to ensure that the solder joint shape variable, its technique difficulty as the lettering on the grain of rice.
And bonding process of xiao liu, combined with years of production operation and the cognition to the product components, device for various types of products design and production of the new jig, make the operation more convenient and reliable, to improve the consistency of product reliability. In order to improve the production efficiency also invented and produced batch blocks, batch picking cap, batch cleaning and so on a series of batch operation method and jig.
Company to deal with large quantities of orders, the introduction of a new domestic automatic pressure welding equipment, automatic positioning on the early automatic pressure welding equipment is difficult, can only use the fine silicon aluminium wire lead to poor reliability problems. After a period of research and improvement, liu was designed for fully automatic machine positioning difficult positioning plate, solved the doesn't even have the manufacturer to solve product positioning difficulty and the coarse silicon aluminum wire bonding technology, make the domestic machine has reached the level of JinKouJi, greatly improving the production efficiency and reliability.
Zhang teacher in small size seam welding device, each plate para seriously, its precision is less than 1, because the cover plate is the size of a big grain of rice, a slight deviation will cause leakage, this is the test of eyesight and patience.
For quality, reliability, more space of this "golden signboard", the team can't have the slightest relaxation.
Technology, as a "flying"
Surface acoustic wave filter technology team with an average age of less than 30 years old, and only 10 years of work the longest. Team of little meat although young, but degree is high, the momentum.
Micro-nano lithography process is the core of the surface acoustic wave filter chip processing technology, was the key to realize the device performance. Translucent size less than 1 mm2 of substrate, hundreds of thousands of root line width is only 1/40 of the diameter of a human hair nanoscale chip electrode densely arranged, the naked eye cannot see.
Lithography process, the light on the transparent substrate have each direction of refraction and reflection, greatly increase the processing difficulty. And after the adoption of new design, the design requirements of the chip electrode the finest linewidth more than the company's existing lithography resolution limit.
Will grope for several months between the lithography, rest time to consult a large number of literature at home and abroad, and actively communicate with chip manufacturers, finally came up with this idea. He optimization of the lithography process of a complete set of scheme, finally realizes the nanoscale very fine line precision production, not only meet the requirements of the "long March 7", also the company produces the sound table filter frequency consistency and accuracy increased by more than 20%.
To solve an "obstacle", added a "standing in the way".
The rockets need out of earth's gravity at least 7.9 km/s2 acceleration, acoustic performance and material and sound table filter chip restriction determines the chip cannot adopt high strength fixed way, can only use organic adhesive glue is fixed.
In order to realize the miniaturization of the device, process team narrowed the casing size, and reduced the bonding area allowance, high precision for bonding process, glue a slight deviation will cause enough glue, glue, cause a series of reliability problems.
How to realize the precise dispensing and guarantee the bonding strength of the adhesive glue and reliability in harsh environment become a difficulty in front of the team members.
Mr Meng is through the establishment of the chip area and the required amount, the mathematical model of optimal value, writing software automatically involves resin with the glue point location process parameters table, through contrast process parameters table, make the operator on the premise of guarantee high consistency and stability of accuracy can complete chip bonding operation.
This for the sake of "flying" point of adhesive technology later successful application for a national patent.
For the sake of our space dream
Technology team leader the way always proud of say: "we are there is sense of responsibility, strong combat effectiveness team."
Project development research, NiJie child is ill, the young mother hurried to the hospital to put down their work, take care of the day found slightly better off, she will be cared for entrusted to her mother-in-law, and returned to the unit to continue their work, returned home to end the day job, and children have to sleep.
Will have a home visit, and sat next to passengers swapping, car arrive station, after more than five hours before get off each other asked: "real bad ah you, young man, also didn't see you all the way to go to the toilet?"
"I need the work at ordinary times, often to work continuously for a long time between the lithography, due to the discrepancy between purification frequent replacement gowning will introduce dust particles affect workshop cleanliness, so less water, time grows, from practice."
"Who are you also do not see the product", whenever talked to conquer technical difficulties one by one, a sense of pride and a sense of achievement to each team member in the face.
In the device, in the process of the development of the reliability is a red line, device performance is again good, no reliability cannot use at all.
When a product test at low temperature, little insidious onset is now experiencing high and low temperature moments of intense change, device amplitude-frequency curve can produce fluctuations in less than 3 seconds, after a few seconds test device performance is back to normal again.
Xu with the phantom flashes of rack one's brains, he will be various possible factors and comprehensive failure mode classification, draw the 5 pages of A4 paper fault tree analysis. Two months, he to the fluctuations of the amplitude and frequency 3 seconds, repeated failure devices for the hundreds of excellent low temperature test, the problem was finally accurate positioning on the chip materials, and find the corresponding mechanism and the influence of the solutions.
Round round process test, and technology improvement, for the system of aeronautics and astronautics, national defense weapons and equipment of form a complete set with reliable products, to provide users with high-quality service, this is the "aerospace long march" the road of Beijing aerospace electric company strives for perfection the surface acoustic wave filter technology team, in order to realize China's dream, space dream, is continuous efforts!
2. Xi 'an institute of microelectronics as "heaven ii installed magical" brain"
(reporter Shen Qian correspondent Aimee) late on September 15, "heaven ii launch smoothly, its height" brain "of the operation provided by the xi 'an institute of microelectronics technology.
Tiangong no.2 smoothly after launch, how to ensure correct effectively deal with all kinds of data in space? How to ensure the transmission of collected data to the ground in space? And how to ensure that the ground sends each instruction can let the astronaut to receive and handle?
To solve the three "ensure", will have to mention the xi 'an institute of microelectronics of the central processing unit. For module 2, the central processing unit and shoulders on the responsibility of "brain". Development personnel by referring to make level synchronization technology, the "brain" greatly reduce the directives issued by the error, so as to realize more accurate control. At the same time the ground technicians can also monitor the running status of the "brain", through the high-speed data exchange technology, simplify the complexity of the software design of flight, improving the efficiency of the "brain".
At the same time, xi 'an institute of microelectronics technology also provides a super long 2 F rocket "brain". This for long 2 F rocket is equipped with advanced computer an arrow is "three redundancy design, that is the" brain "is an external, internal structure is three. Three computer have super ability, each space than often gauge control with computer more than an order of magnitude higher in the index. Between them three both independent and harmonious and unified, like social life decision-making team of experts, three experts on the input and the rhythm perfectly synchronized, but the runtime and are independent of each other, given their respective back-to-back expert advice. System by voting system, takes two in three results form the final decision. In this way, even if the calculation of a machine a small accident, also won't affect the overall output.
In previous models, the extensive use of application-specific integrated circuit chip, and makes the components variety, quantity, not only bring the arrow machine large volume, high cost, low maintainability, reliability also decreases. Improved long F arrow on-board computer adopts advanced FPGA chip, will be a lot of application-specific integrated circuit chip functions through software programming to implement, to improve system reliability, also reduced the volume, reduced the weight, save the cost.
Reporters learned that xi 'an institute of microelectronics technology for tiangong 2 space laboratory task product of form a complete set of 8 kinds of 13 sets of 10 kinds of software; Integrated circuit products including four six batches of 88. Shaanxi daily.
3. What are the scientific artifact in tiangong number two?
In the vast space, tiangong number two is soaring. As China's first space laboratory, in the true sense of space science experiments conducted on tiangong no.2 and detection project, several units responsible for the development of 14 applied load, will play an important role in the the space laboratory. They have to explore the mysteries of the universe's deepest, to earth's oceans and atmosphere, and to solve the problem of food supply of the future space travel long distances...
What are the scientific artifact in tiangong number two? And with the reporter for yourself!
Composite material experiment device:
Tiangong 2 there is a god in the furnace, it is called "comprehensive material experiment device", led by Shanghai silicate research institute, Chinese academy of sciences, combined the national center for space science and common development of lanzhou institute of technical physics.
This versatile general-purpose materials science experiment device, by "material" experimental furnace electric cabinet "material" and "material sample tool bag" three single composition, total weight is about 27.6 kg, less than 200 watts maximum power consumption, it can achieve a vacuum chamber of a stove or furnace temperature up to 950 degrees Celsius, enough to melt glass or silver bar.
It will "refining" 18 experimental samples, each sample is "personality", different requirements for the stove. For this, "" god furnace introduced a number of independent intellectual property rights of innovative technology, solved the temperature range of more heating, heat insulation under the low power consumption, accurate control of temperature, let it can forge composite materials, metal materials, organic polymer materials and crystal materials such as many magic materials.
It refined the wonders what baby? Crystal growth in space, which can detect ability make the ground grow crystals. Common CT examination can only determine, for example, more than 2 mm in diameter of cancer lesions, for some small early lesions, and install the CT detection precision of the sparkling crystal space will greatly improve, really cure not ill.
Tiangong with satellite no. 2:
A hero three help, tiangong number two also have a ghost of a friend.
Tiangong number two is a micro-nano satellite with satellite, small satellite innovation by the Chinese academy of sciences institute of development, is part of the heaven ii test task. It was carrying multiple test load, has the strong ability of orbit, flexible to carry out space missions.
The tiangong number two little friends, will take on what tasks?
It is a special technicians. With flying off will test during a satellite in orbit, released from tiangong no.2 in orbit, in space relaxed freedom of press close to, away from the action drama. At the same time with the space station to carry out the cooperation between multiple platform test, expand space applications.
It is the escort. Accompany with high resolution satellite visible light and wide-field bionic fisheye camera, infrared camera can monitor day and angles of space debris or temperature anomaly potential risk of the station. It can be as the main spacecraft safety tools, the main spacecraft working status monitoring, security and defense.
It is a photographer. With satellite carrying high-resolution full-frame visible light camera, the future will be in space orbit test in the process of combination of tiangong no.2 and spacecraft shenzhou 11 for high resolution imaging, become the tiangong and shenzhou the autodyne artifact of the CP.
Wide range of imaging spectrometer:
Tiangong number two has a high set with a digital camera, can take, infrared and visible light spectrum and polarization four pictures, it's called "wide band imaging spectrometer," by the Chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai institute of technical physics scientist team spent eight years to develop.
This kind of space camera, the camera close 2 for one, the original 2 or more different function space, save space, reduce weight function is not weak against the strong. Internationally, in an instrument on open compose a visible near infrared specular as short-wave infrared, thermal infrared multispectral imaging, at the same time with the function of polarization detection "wisdom sharp eye", it is the first time!
It has two big tasks. One is the sea. It can be accurate observation of sea water and water temperature. It to extract the information such as the sea water chlorophyll, the pigment concentration, not only can be accurately detected in any area of red tide phenomenon, can also determine the area of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity, guide the fisherman out assignments. It can detect the water temperature, sea ice, and current information, and have high detection sensitivity, temperature change is about 1/40 of one degree Celsius, than the existing Marine remote sensor detection sensitivity for several times.
The second is the atmosphere. By the light of the polarization characteristics of atmospheric particles has a unique sensitivity, polarization imaging can be obtained many key performance parameters of atmospheric aerosol and cloud particles, is of important value for weather forecast, climate prediction. In a nutshell, it can see the fog haze, and auxiliary experts analyze haze.
Hot liquid bridge capillary convection experiment device:
Playing "water" is a game that people like space. Paradise in the no. 2, our country will be the first hot capillary convection in liquid bridge space experiment!
Liquid bridge is a connection between two solid surfaces of a liquid. Space microgravity environment, can build a large size of the liquid bridge. This experiment will be remotely operated by scientists, with heavenly palace on board of the no. 2 hot capillary convection experiment device of liquid bridge.
Experiment, the liquid bridge as a "transformers". Device in the bridge motor and liquid injection, will work closely with, change the "fat" height of liquid bridge, both can become "tall", and can become "soil circle", scientists call it "volume effect". The surface tension of the liquid in the liquid bridge in difference in temperature induced, driven by different volume have different thermal capillary oscillation phenomenon - liquid bridge will be free as a "life" dance, and sometimes spins, around from time to time step. And experimental acquired 172 group reservation mode in the experimental curve, as long as the fingers move, scientists on the ground can easily complete liquid bridge "172 change".
What's the use of it? The project designer and researcher at the institute of mechanics of Chinese academy of sciences, director of the kiya said: "for the semiconductor material with high quality, scientific control in the process of crystal growth of buoyancy convection, heat convection and the effect of capillary and space characteristic of the microgravity environment will allow scientists to analyze thermal capillary convection process."
Capillary convection hot box project, overall and light machine structure design and research done by the mechanics of Chinese academy of sciences, electrical control part completed by space application engineering and technology center of the Chinese academy of sciences.
"The celestial pole" telescope:
The human eye cannot distinguish the polarization state of light, the bees but is sensitive to the polarization. Temple in the no. 2 there is a "little bee", with its "compound eye" capture the distant universe sudden polarization properties of gamma ray bursts, it is "the celestial pole" gamma ray bursts polarimeter, hereinafter referred to as "the celestial pole" telescope.
Gamma rays are very strong electromagnetic wave penetrating. Occurs as the dying star exploded, extremely intense gamma ray radiation, long duration but thousands of seconds, short less than of a second, its brightness is more than the sum of its his heavenly bodies, the universe and the sun radiation energy quite life, like the star finally "the flower of life". This collection of brilliant life in the moment of farewell, gamma ray bursts.
The origin of the gamma ray bursts and the corresponding physical process, astronomers have been one of the research frontiers. In recent years, the study of gamma ray bursts made significant progress, but some basic issues still unresolved. Scientists speculate that the research of gamma ray bursts polarization gamma rays can provide new clues for solving these problems, but the lack of effective measuring instrument.
Filled the blank of the celestial pole "telescope, it is the world's most sensitive gamma ray bursts polarization detection equipment, the high precision and systematically measure the polarization properties of gamma ray bursts, expected to run for two years, to detect some 100 gamma ray bursts.
"Celestial pole" telescope led by institute of high energy physics, Chinese academy of sciences, the university of Geneva, Switzerland, the Swiss Paul Sheldon research institute and other units take part in the development, no. 2 is the temple of carrying all the experiment item, the only international cooperation projects.
Higher plants incubator:
The paper clay, first. In the space, also want to care about food and vegetables.
Plant growth experiments have repeatedly, although the space, but in space under the condition of successful implementation of grain and vegetable production, provides the source of food for astronauts living space for a long time, still need to solve many problems. For example, plant growth under the condition of microgravity in space without a certain direction, can not effectively use light energy for photosynthesis, yield greatly reduced.
Tiangong number two, there are two kinds of "plant" astronaut, arabidopsis and rice, they live in higher plants incubator, will carry out a six-month space plant for the first time in China "from seed to seed" complete life cycle training.
Higher plants greenhouse incubator is a miniature version of the work space, it through light cycle, temperature, moisture and nutrient supply adjustment function to provide seed growth and development of environmental protection. In this experiment, the scientists will through real-time imaging technology, arabidopsis and rice under microgravity condition from seed germination, seedling growth, to the whole process of the development of flower and download images "live webcast. At the same time, especially to build the green fluorescent protein the flowering gene of arabidopsis thaliana plants, will be sent to you by fluorescence image technology, blossom in molecular level detection gene express dynamic in microgravity conditions.
The project of Shanghai life science research institute of Chinese academy of sciences, institute of plant physiology ecology is responsible for the scientific experiment samples and content design, experiment and analysis of experimental results, the Chinese academy of sciences Shanghai institute of technical physics, incubator is responsible for the development of higher plants.
Space environment subsystem:
Intelligence agencies always give a person the sense with mysterious and miraculous. Temple has a number two intelligence agencies - space environment monitoring and physical detection subsystem, environment subsystem for short.
As the name suggests, the space environment subsystem is used to collect related information space environment. In space, high-energy charged particles (protons, electrons and heavy ion) of radiation environment, spacecraft orbit altitude atmospheric environment, etc Are the elements of space environment. High energy charged particle radiation may result in spacecraft material performance degradation or damage, also could undermine the astronauts tissues, serious when even have life risk.
The national center for space science, Chinese academy of sciences, space environment detection laboratory space environment subsystem is developed. This system consists of a charged particle radiation detector, track detector atmospheric environment and space environment control unit 3 instrument. A charged particle radiation detector of 16 smaller probe can be all-weather capture from 16 directions tiangong high-energy charged particles on the tracks, to realize extravehicular 16 the electrons, protons and other particles in the direction of intensity and spectrum monitoring. Atmospheric environment detector can be used to detect orbits atmospheric density, composition and its change of time and space, etc., tell you who you are delaying the heavenly palace.
Space cold atomic clocks:
How accurate clocks need?
When the timer error more than one over one thousand of a second/day, electronic communication networks, high-speed traffic management, the financial system security, grid connected to the grid, and other daily activities will be in chaos; When the error more than one over one billion of a second/day, who star navigation, missile precision contour precision behavior will deviate from the goal in different degrees; And deep space exploration, gravitational wave detection, and other scientific research activities, the time accuracy is higher.
The scientists found the atomic clock. Atomic hyperfine structure transition level has a very stable transition frequency, the use of this characteristic, people produce high precision timing device atomic clocks. Currently on the ground in use of the most accurate atomic clocks, error has dropped to one hundred trillionth of a second/day.
But on the ground, because of gravity, remain the state of variable speed of freedom of movement of atoms, atomic clocks accuracy is limited. In space microgravity environment, groups can do super slow uniform motion in a straight line, a higher accuracy of the signal.
Sea ray machine on the cas scientists will the laser cooling atoms of technology and the combination of space microgravity environment, develop space high precision cold atomic clocks. They developed by cold atomic clocks "space" has been carrying tiangong ii emission litres of air, it will become an international's first orbiting and conducting scientific experiments of cold atomic clocks "space", is expected to get a line on the ground in space orbit size an order of magnitude of atomic clock line, improve the accuracy of atomic clock, is another major breakthrough in the history of atomic clocks.
Microwave imaging altimeter in three dimensions:
Tiangong number two, there is a "three dimensional microwave imaging altimeter", is the first to achieve wide mow of sea surface height measurement and 3 d imaging altimeter of microwave.
Traditional Marine microwave altimeter under the Marine observation can only get the star point of the observation of about 3 km range, namely get along the track under the direction of the star point of one-dimensional sea level measurement, tiangong number two microwave altimeter 35 km to 40 km width can be realized in high precision three-dimensional ocean surface observation, greatly improve the efficiency of observation.
And how does this kind of ability? 71% of the earth's surface ocean contains huge treasure to promote the development of human society, but also the source of many major natural disasters. The occurrence of Marine disasters, often with the changes of the Marine environment, such as local sea surface height of sea area and increase of sea surface temperature anomalies. And sea surface height anomalies, such as "el nino", only by centimeter level, only microwave altimeter keenly capture the subtle changes.
Man, only deeply, clearly understand the safety of the Marine environment, can really develop and use Marine resources. Microwave altimeter project implementation can be for the research of global Marine dynamic environment (including sea level, sea waves and currents) provide direct scientific observation data, as well as the global energy exchange, provide essential scientific basis for the study of climate change.
Tiangong no.2 altimeter design and development of microwave, microwave remote sensing technology by the Chinese academy of sciences national space science center key laboratory led to complete.
Special quantum key distribution:
Since humans began to speak, had said "whispers" needs. Encryption key is based on the transmission of information, to prevent others access to information content, make sure your whispers said quietly.
However, with the development of technology, the traditional key continuously be cracked, it is hard to have a security key. In addition to quantum key.
The security of quantum key based on the basic principles of quantum physics. As the smallest particle of light, each quantum of light at the time of transmission of information is an integral and shall not be reproduced exactly two big characteristics, makes the existence hacking will certainly be the sender to detect and avoid, so as to ensure the safety of information.
Now, "quantum key distribution" as the core of the quantum secret communication technology, has gradually completed the practical application in our country, and formed a certain scale of industry. International's first type all-pass quantum communication network, the first large-scale quantum communication network, the first quantum communication satellites, are made in China.
Temple on the no. 2 there is a "special" quantum key distribution load, in order to realize the space between the practical quantum key distribution as the goal, through the sky launch one by one single photons and on the ground receive, "the cat was not leak" quantum key generated. The project by the university of science and technology of China and the Chinese academy of sciences jointly developed by Shanghai technology content.
Tiangong ii nearly 400 km orbit altitude, flight speed is about eight kilometers per second. Receiving diameter about 1 meter from the ground station. Used to generate quantum key of photons to accurately hit the ground on the telescope, as on a train traveling at full speed of high-speed rail, throw COINS gold pieces accurately to 10 kilometers away in a fixed water bottles, difficulty cans be imagined.
