After 2000, China's high value-added industry has made considerable progress, become the main force of China's industrial exports now, these are all Chinese with the sweat and wisdom. But, in many industrial products, there is an industry is China's industrial permanently pain, that is the semiconductor industry.
Let's look at a set of data, in 2009, the Chinese solar cells account for 26.1% of the world's total production capacity of 1517 mw, LCD TV production to 56.82 million 38.7%, 588.42 million sets of mobile phone production to 52%, 83.82 million sets of digital camera production to 65.4%, a laptop is more exaggerated, 158.57 million sets of production for 96.2% of the world. The data in recent years to grow is an indisputable fact that, compared with the electronic products, however, the semiconductor industry data but let's ugly. In 2013, China's imports of semiconductor than crude oil imports, as China's largest imported products. In 2014, China's domestic semiconductor market size of $98 billion, accounting for 29.4% of the world's markets, and the gross domestic production of semiconductors is only $12.5 billion, 3.8% of the world, it consumes only 12.8%.
Semiconductor is called "rice industry" in Japan, is indispensable to all electronics production of raw materials, one of the important semiconductor readers also can imagine completely, both civilian electronic products and advanced military weapons, its performance depends entirely on the semiconductor product quality, the recent popularity of new concept of AI, chain block and unmanned, behind it need the support of the semiconductor industry. China is worthy of the world's factory, if there is no support of semiconductor industry, will become the bottleneck of China's industrial development. For China, semiconductor and energy, has become China's most important strategic materials. China's semiconductor industry is because the Chinese are very stupid don't want to develop? Or country has no strategic vision to support the semiconductor industry? The answer is NO! And other industries, China has repeatedly countries plan to support the semiconductor industry, is the final result. After analyzing the causes of semiconductor in China fall behind before, let's briefly look at the history of the development of China's semiconductor industry.
The development of China's semiconductor industry can be traced back to the liberation of the early in 1953, the semiconductor has been listed in the first and second five-year plan key public relations of science and technology project, this stage can be said to be the pioneer days in the development of China's semiconductor industry. Since then due to severe domestic and international situation changes, the country almost stopped investment in semiconductor industry. "The father of the atomic bomb" qian xuesen once said: in the '60 s, we concentrate on "rocket", we have a lot, we didn't make semiconductors, in the 70 s we lose a lot.
In 1978 after the reform and opening-up policy, the country to realize the importance of the domestic semiconductor industry, in 1984 set up in xiamen hualian electronics co., LTD., but the results are not so good. It is Taiwan and South Korea to develop semiconductor industry at this stage, the mainland and the gap between the places become insurmountable. By the end of 80 s, the semiconductor industry in China is still in a groping stage. Tell from the industrial policy, on the one hand, the people's livelihood and the focus of the heavy industry investment, ignoring the semiconductor industry, on the other hand, is an important cause of this result.
Government really for the semiconductor industry is a large number of input into the 90 s after, in particular in June of 2000, countries made the industrial policy of the revitalization of the semiconductor industry for the first time, published "to encourage the development of software industry and integrated circuit industry a number of policy", commonly known as "document no. 18", from the national level to promote the semiconductor industry to the national strategic industry. In September 2001, for the specific implementation of the spirit of "file" 18, again by the general office of the state council issued "the general office of the state council on further improving the software industry and integrated circuit industry development policy issues concerning the reply", commonly known as "51" file. After these two files, the semiconductor industry in China ushered in the first boom.
Built after 2000, tianjin MOTOROLA to invest $1.4 billion to produce 25000 8 inches of factories, smic to invest $1.5 billion in Shanghai was built to produce 42000 8 inches of factories. By 2003, Shanghai hongli, suzhou and Shanghai, ships, Mr Bei, Shanghai advanced, Beijing core is universal, such as the main Chinese semiconductor companies have production completed now.
At this stage of the semiconductor has several obvious characteristics. First, as mentioned above, this stage of the development of semiconductor industry are almost all developed under the intervention of national policy, the influence of charge policy is very large. In phase one from scratch, national policy intervention on the one hand, to shape China's semiconductor industry rapidly, this is an indelible contributions, but policy intervention will bring many disadvantages at the same time, the pursuit of short-term results and quantity, the lack of long-term development concept, all of these are now laid the semiconductor industry development bottleneck. Second, nearly all are completed and put into operation in the factory and advanced semiconductor joint ventures or wholly foreign owned enterprise. Third, China's semiconductor companies focused on the semiconductor production process after - closed and testing, process after the production of low technology content, relative to other belong to labour-intensive production processes.
China's semiconductor industry total sales is RMB 26.84 billion, 2002, 2008 to 124.8 billion yuan, in 2015 to 2015 yuan, an average annual increase rate of 22%. Light from the digital point of view, the progress of China's semiconductor industry is obvious to all, but from the aspects of technical content, and the gap between the world's advanced level has never been able to make up for. The cause of the result of a congenital is China's semiconductor industry started late, the development of the prime mover is wholly dependent on the policy. Policy at this stage the development of China's semiconductor and other industries, is "market for technology", as a result of poor domestic technology and too dependent on foreign capital, introduction of the technology is all some upstream enterprise elimination technology and the testing process with the low technical content, make Chinese semiconductor companies in the supply chain of the product is always in a state of a technical disadvantage. If in the 70 s and 80 s China on semiconductor technology, it is simply in the design of level have certain accumulation of words, the results should be completely different.
